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HOW TO READ CHARACTER:
A
NEW ILLUSTRATED HAND-BOOK
OF
PHRENOLOGY AND PHYSIOGNOMY
FOR
STUDENTS AND EXAMINERS;
WITH
A DESCRIPTIVE CHART
Rare, original 1886 edition of \"HOW TO READ CHARACTER: A NEW ILLUSTRATED HAND-BOOK OF PHRENOLOGY AND PHYSIOGNOMY\" by Samuel R. Wells, published by Fowler & Wells Publishers of New York. Very good condition. Dark brownish red boards embossed with black title and decoration. Title gilded on spine. Edge wear to covers at top of spine and corners. Previous owner\'s name in pencil on front end page with dates. Pencil check marks on some charts near the end. Heavily illustrated with examples of skulls and head specimens to examine. This was once regarded as a scientific and medical study of human temperament. Now it falls into the realm of occult. Book contains 191 pages and measures 5\" x 7.5\". A fascinating and interesting read and a wonderful addition to any rare book collection. See below for detailed contents and an example of the wonderful illustrations contained in this antique book.
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Phrenology was a theory stating that the personality traits of a person can be derived from the shape of the skull. Phrenology was rejected by mainstream academia, with some researchers comparing the field to astrology. It is now considered a pseudoscience. Samuel R. Wells was one of the most distinguished authors in Phrenology and his book, How to Read Character: A New Illustrated Hand-Book of Phrenology and Physiognomy for Students and Examiners; with a Descriptive Chart, was the most popular on the subject.
Here is a review from Harpers Magazine 1869 concerning this book: \"The New Illustrated Hand-Boole of Phrenology and Physiognomy will not enhance the reputation of phrenology as a science. It can not be implicitly followed by those who really desire to learn how to read character upon phrenological principles. It is an admirably constructed text-book for those who are already satisfied that Mr. Wells is the great intellectual light of the nineteenth century. Phrenology is not yet a science. Some day it will be. Meanwhile thoughtful men can sift out from such books as this some facts to guide them in what, after all, must be the basis of their studies—independent observation. That character may be read by a study of form and figure no candid and careful observer of men can doubt. But Mr. Wells\'s charts do not afford an infallible measurement of mental and moral calibre.\"
Phrenology is a pseudoscience primarily focused on measurements of the human skull, based on the concept that the brain is the organ of the mind, and that certain brain areas have localized, specific functions or modules. Phrenology was especially popular from about 1810 until 1840.
Phrenology was a complex process that involved feeling the bumps in the skull to determine an individual\'s psychological attributes. Franz Joseph Gall first believed that the brain was made up of 27 individual \'organs\' that created one\'s personality, with the first 19 of these \'organs\' believed to exist in other animal species. Phrenologists would run their fingertips and palms over the skulls of their patients to feel for enlargements or indentations. The phrenologist would usually take measurements of the overall head size using a caliper. With this information, the phrenologist would assess the character and temperament of the patient and address each of the 27 \"brain organs\". This type of analysis was used to predict the kinds of relationships and behaviors to which the patient was prone. In its heyday during the 1820s-1840s, phrenology was often used to predict a child\'s future life, to assess prospective marriage partners and to provide background checks for job applicants.
Physiognomy is the assessment of a person\'s character or personality from their outer appearance, especially the face. The term physiognomy can also refer to the general appearance of a person, object or terrain, without reference to its implied characteristics. Physiognomy is also sometimes referred to as anthroposophy, though that was more common back in the 19th Century whence the word \"anthroposophy\" originated. Phrenology was also considered a form of physiognomy. It was created around 1800 by German physician FRANZ JOSEPH GALL and JOHANN SPURZHEIM, and was widely popular in the 19th century in Europe and the United States.
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