cutting , heart-leaved moonseedplants fresh from thai.

( Size: Length 5inches, Thailand )

It is alarge, deciduous extensively spreading climbing shrub with several elongatedtwining branches. Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, long petioles up to 15cm long, roundish, pulvinate, both at the base and apex with the basal onelonger and twisted partially and half way around. Lamina broadly ovate or ovatecordate, 10–20 cm long or 8– 15 cm broad, 7 nerved and deeply cordate at base,membranous, pubescent above, whitish tomentose with a prominent reticulumbeneath. Flowers unisexual, small on separate plants and appearing when plantis leafless, greenish yellow on axillary and terminal racemes. Male flowersclustered, female usually solitary. Sepals 6, free in two series of three each,the outer ones are smaller than the inner. Petals 6 free smaller than sepals,obovate and membranous. Fruits aggregate of 1-3, ovoid smooth drupelets onthick stalk with sub terminal style scars, scarlet or orange coloured.

Ecology

Endophyticfungi regarded as a fascinating group of organisms colonize the living,internal tissues of their host (usually higher plants) without causing anyharmful effects. A recent study has shown that 29 endophytes belonging todifferent taxa were present in the samples collected from T. cordifolia.

Endophyteshave been known to enhance resistance of host plants against insects,herbivores, pathogenic fungi, bacteria, virus, mediated by fungal alkaloids.Novel antibiotics, antimycotics, immunosuppressants, and anticancer compoundsare only a few examples of what has been found after the isolation, culture,purification, and characterization of some choice endophytes in the recentpast. The potential prospects of finding new drugs that may be effectivecandidates for treating newly developing diseases in humans, plants, andanimals are great.

Research hasshown that extracts of endophytic fungus Nigrospora sp. (Ascomycota:Sordariomycetes) from a native plant Tinospora cordifolia had considerableinsecticidal property on Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), apolyphagous pest. This preliminary information on insecticidal properties ofNigrospora sp. may further be used for imparting resistance in plants againstinsects.

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